INSERT INTO `s_cscf_capabilities` VALUES (1,1,0),(2,1,1);
```
#### 14. Copy pcscf, icscf and scscf configuration files to `/etc` folder and edit accordingly
```
$ cd ~ && git clone https://github.com/herlesupreeth/Kamailio_IMS_Config
$ cd Kamailio_IMS_Config && git checkout 5.3
$ cp -r kamailio_icscf /etc
$ cp -r kamailio_pcscf /etc
$ cp -r kamailio_scscf /etc
```
#### 15. Setup the DNS for resolving IMS and EPC components names
```
$ apt install -y bind9
```
Use the below example DNS Zone file to create a DNS Zone file into the bind folder and edit `/etc/bind/named.conf.local` and `/etc/bind/named.conf.options` accordingly:
```
$ cd /etc/bind
```
In the below example: Kamailio IMS & DNS server running at 10.4.128.21/172.24.15.30 (Floating IP) and PCRF also at 10.4.128.21/172.24.15.30 (Floating IP)
```
$ cat ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
$ORIGIN ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org.
$TTL 1W
@ 1D IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1 ; serial
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
1D IN NS ns
ns 1D IN A 10.4.128.21
pcscf 1D IN A 10.4.128.21
_sip._udp.pcscf 1D SRV 0 0 5060 pcscf
_sip._tcp.pcscf 1D SRV 0 0 5060 pcscf
icscf 1D IN A 10.4.128.21
_sip._udp 1D SRV 0 0 4060 icscf
_sip._tcp 1D SRV 0 0 4060 icscf
scscf 1D IN A 10.4.128.21
_sip._udp.scscf 1D SRV 0 0 6060 scscf
_sip._tcp.scscf 1D SRV 0 0 6060 scscf
hss 1D IN A 10.4.128.21
```
Create another DNS zone for resolving pcrf domain as follows:
```
$ cat epc.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
$ORIGIN epc.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org.
$TTL 1W
@ 1D IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1 ; serial
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
1D IN NS epcns
epcns 1D IN A 10.4.128.21
pcrf 1D IN A 127.0.0.5
```
Edit `/etc/bind/named.conf.local` file as follows:
```
//
// Do any local configuration here
//
// Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your
// organization
//include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918";
zone "ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org";
};
zone "epc.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/epc.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org";
};
```
Edit `/etc/bind/named.conf.options` file as follows:
```
options {
directory "/var/cache/bind";
// If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
// to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple
// ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113
// If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable
// nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders.
// Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing
// the all-0's placeholder.
//forwarders {
// Put here the IP address of other DNS server which could be used if name cannot be resolved with DNS server running in this machine (Optional)
//10.4.128.2;
//};
//========================================================================
// If BIND logs error messages about the root key being expired,
// you will need to update your keys. See https://www.isc.org/bind-keys
//========================================================================
dnssec-validation no;
allow-query { any; };
auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035
//listen-on-v6 { any; };
};
```
```
$ systemctl restart bind9
```
Then, test DNS resolution by adding following entries on top of all other entries in /etc/resolv.conf (make sure it persist across reboots)
```
search ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
nameserver 10.4.128.21
```
Finally, ping to ensure
```
$ ping pcscf
PING pcscf.ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org (10.4.128.21) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from localhost (10.4.128.21): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.017 ms
64 bytes from localhost (10.4.128.21): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms
```
To make changes in /etc/resolv.conf be persistent across reboot edit the /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml file as follows:
```
# This file is generated from information provided by
# the datasource. Changes to it will not persist across an instance.
# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
version: 2
ethernets:
ens3:
dhcp4: true
match:
macaddress: fa:16:3e:99:f5:67
set-name: ens3
nameservers:
search: [ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org,epc.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org]
addresses:
- 10.4.128.21
version: 2
```
```
$ netplan apply
$ ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
$ systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service
```
#### 16. Install RTPEngine
Check for dependencies, install dependencies and build .deb packages
```
$ export DEB_BUILD_PROFILES="pkg.ngcp-rtpengine.nobcg729"
$ apt install dpkg-dev
$ git clone https://github.com/sipwise/rtpengine
$ cd rtpengine && git checkout mr7.4.1
$ dpkg-checkbuilddeps
```
The above command checks for dependencies and give you a list of dependencies which are missing in the system. The below list is the result of this command
```
$ apt install debhelper default-libmysqlclient-dev gperf iptables-dev libavcodec-dev libavfilter-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev libbencode-perl libcrypt-openssl-rsa-perl libcrypt-rijndael-perl libdigest-crc-perl libdigest-hmac-perl libevent-dev libhiredis-dev libio-multiplex-perl libio-socket-inet6-perl libiptc-dev libjson-glib-dev libnet-interface-perl libpcap0.8-dev libsocket6-perl libspandsp-dev libswresample-dev libsystemd-dev libxmlrpc-core-c3-dev markdown dkms module-assistant keyutils libnfsidmap2 libtirpc1 nfs-common rpcbind
```
After installing dependencies run the below command again and verify that no dependencies are left out
```
$ dpkg-checkbuilddeps
```
This should just return back to shell with no output if all depedencies are met
```
$ dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us
$ cd ..
$ dpkg -i *.deb
$ cp /etc/rtpengine/rtpengine.sample.conf /etc/rtpengine/rtpengine.conf
```
Edit this file as follows under **[rtpengine]**:
```
interface = 10.4.128.21
```
Port on which rtpengine binds i.e. listen_ng parameter is udp port 2223. This should be updated in `kamailio_pcscf.cfg` file at **modparam(rtpengine ...)**
```
# ----- rtpproxy params -----
modparam("rtpengine", "rtpengine_sock", "1 == udp:localhost:2223")
```
Edit `/etc/default/ngcp-rtpengine-daemon` and `/etc/default/ngcp-rtpengine-recording-daemon` as follows in respective files:
```
RUN_RTPENGINE=yes
```
```
RUN_RTPENGINE_RECORDING=yes
```
```
$ cp /etc/rtpengine/rtpengine-recording.sample.conf /etc/rtpengine/rtpengine-recording.conf
$ mkdir /var/spool/rtpengine
$ systemctl restart ngcp-rtpengine-daemon.service ngcp-rtpengine-recording-daemon.service ngcp-rtpengine-recording-nfs-mount.service
$ systemctl enable ngcp-rtpengine-daemon.service ngcp-rtpengine-recording-daemon.service ngcp-rtpengine-recording-nfs-mount.service
$ systemctl stop rtpproxy
$ systemctl disable rtpproxy
$ systemctl mask rtpproxy
```
Second instance of RTPENGINE can be run as follows (Optional)
```
$ iptables -I rtpengine -p udp -j RTPENGINE --id 1
$ ip6tables -I INPUT -p udp -j RTPENGINE --id 1
$ echo 'del 1' > /proc/rtpengine/control
$ /usr/sbin/rtpengine --table=1 --interface=10.4.128.21 --listen-ng=127.0.0.1:2224 --tos=184 --pidfile=ngcp-rtpengine-daemon2.pid --no-fallback --foreground
```
#### 17. Running I-CSCF, P-CSCF and S-CSCF as separate process
First, stop the default kamailio SIP server
```
$ systemctl stop kamailio
$ systemctl disable kamailio
$ systemctl mask kamailio
```
Run all the process as root and NOT sudo
{: .notice--info}
```
$ mkdir -p /var/run/kamailio_pcscf
$ kamailio -f /etc/kamailio_pcscf/kamailio_pcscf.cfg -P /kamailio_pcscf.pid -DD -E -e
```
```
$ mkdir -p /var/run/kamailio_scscf
$ kamailio -f /etc/kamailio_scscf/kamailio_scscf.cfg -P /kamailio_scscf.pid -DD -E -e
```
```
$ mkdir -p /var/run/kamailio_icscf
$ kamailio -f /etc/kamailio_icscf/kamailio_icscf.cfg -P /kamailio_icscf.pid -DD -E -e
```
#### 18. Install Open5GS in the same machine as Kamailio IMS - Install Open5GS from source
Please refer to instructions at [https://open5gs.org/open5gs/docs/guide/02-building-open5gs-from-sources/](https://open5gs.org/open5gs/docs/guide/02-building-open5gs-from-sources/)
If you are using OpenStack, installing Open5GS and Kamailio IMS on the same machine is very important because the **Framed-IP-Address** in the AAR request via Rx interface takes received IP address and port in ims_qos module, hence, if the Open5GS is on a separate VM/machine, the IP and port received in received_ip and received_port values seen by Kamailio IMS will be the NATed IP of the Open5GS machine resulting in failing of AAR request.
{: .notice--danger}
Modify below mentioned parts of configuration files in addition to **Configure Open5GS** section. For reference, look at the configuration files at [https://github.com/herlesupreeth/Open5gs_Config](https://github.com/herlesupreeth/Open5gs_Config). These configuration only holds for open5gs tag v1.3.0, please tweak configuration files based on the open5gs tag you use.
{: .notice--warning}
- Change realm of components to `epc.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org`
- Define IP pools for APNs used i.e one for default APN and another for IMS apn
- Define P-CSCF address in the pgw configuration
- Define a ConnectPeer for `pcscf.ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org` with its IP and port in PCRF freediameter configuration
- Setup IP tables for the UE pools defined and create appropriate tun interfaces
Below startup script can be used for setting up interfaces:
```
#!/bin/bash
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1
ip tuntap add name ogstun mode tun
ip addr add 192.168.100.1/24 dev ogstun
ip addr add fd84:6aea:c36e:2b69::/48 dev ogstun
ip link set ogstun mtu 1400
ip link set ogstun up
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.100.0/24 ! -o ogstun -j MASQUERADE
ip6tables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s fd84:6aea:c36e:2b69::/48 ! -o ogstun -j MASQUERADE
iptables -I INPUT -i ogstun -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -I INPUT -i ogstun -j ACCEPT
ip tuntap add name ogstun2 mode tun
ip addr add 192.168.101.1/24 dev ogstun2
ip addr add fd1f:76f3:da9b:0101::/48 dev ogstun2
ip link set ogstun2 mtu 1400
ip link set ogstun2 up
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.101.0/24 ! -o ogstun2 -j MASQUERADE
ip6tables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s fd1f:76f3:da9b:0101::/48 ! -o ogstun2 -j MASQUERADE
iptables -I INPUT -i ogstun2 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -I INPUT -i ogstun2 -j ACCEPT
ufw disable
```
Add users with following APN settings in Open5GS:
APN Configuration:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| APN | Type | QCI | ARP | Capability | Vulnerablility | MBR DL/UL(Kbps) | GBR DL/UL(Kbps) | PGW IP |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| internet | IPv4 | 9 | 8 | Disabled | Disabled | unlimited/unlimited | | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| ims | IPv4 | 5 | 1 | Disabled | Disabled | 3850/1530 | | |
| | | 1 | 2 | Enabled | Enabled | 128/128 | 128/128 | |
| | | 2 | 4 | Enabled | Enabled | 128/128 | 128/128 | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finally, make sure of the following in Open5GS
- PCO options which indicate the address of the Proxy-CSCF
- Need to indicate support for Voice-over-Packet-Switched (VoPS) in NAS message to UE from EPC
#### 19. Setup FoHSS in order to talk with I-CSCF and S-CSCF
Requirements for FoHSS: Install Java JDK and ant
Download Oracle Java 7 JDK from following link using a browser:
```
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/java-archive-downloads-javase7-521261.html
```
```
$ mkdir -p /usr/lib/jvm/
$ tar -zxf jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/lib/jvm/
$ update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java 100
$ update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/javac 100
```
Verify that java has been successfully configured by running:
```
$ update-alternatives --display java
java - auto mode
link best version is /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java
link currently points to /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java
link java is /usr/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java - priority 100
$ update-alternatives --display javac
javac - auto mode
link best version is /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/javac
link currently points to /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/javac
link javac is /usr/bin/javac
/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/javac - priority 100
$ update-alternatives --config java
(select java jdk1.7.0_79)
$ update-alternatives --config javac
```
Check java version
```
$ java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)
```
Install Ant
```
$ cd ~
$ wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/ant/binaries/apache-ant-1.9.14-bin.tar.gz
$ tar xvfvz apache-ant-1.9.14-bin.tar.gz
$ mv apache-ant-1.9.14 /usr/local/
$ sh -c 'echo ANT_HOME=/usr/local/ >> /etc/environment'
$ ln -s /usr/local/apache-ant-1.9.14/bin/ant /usr/bin/ant
```
Verfiy ant version as follows:
```
$ ant -version
Apache Ant(TM) version 1.9.14 compiled on March 12 2019
```
Create working directories for OpenIMSCore:
```
$ mkdir /opt/OpenIMSCore
$ cd /opt/OpenIMSCore
```
Download:
```
$ git clone https://github.com/herlesupreeth/FHoSS
```
Compile:
```
$ cd FHoSS
$ export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79"
$ export CLASSPATH="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79/jre/lib/"
$ ant compile deploy | tee ant_compile_deploy.txt
```
Create configurator.sh using below script to change domain names and IP address in all configuration files
```
$ cd deploy
$ vim configurator.sh
```
```
#!/bin/bash
# Initialization & global vars
# if you execute this script for the second time
# you should change these variables to the latest
# domain name and ip address
DDOMAIN="open-ims\.test"
DSDOMAIN="open-ims\\\.test"
DEFAULTIP="127\.0\.0\.1"
CONFFILES=`ls *.cfg *.xml *.sql *.properties 2>/dev/null`
# Interaction
printf "Domain Name:"
read domainname
printf "IP Adress:"
read ip_address
# input domain is to be slashed for cfg regexes
slasheddomain=`echo $domainname | sed 's/\./\\\\\\\\\./g'`
if [ $# != 0 ]
then
printf "changing: "
for j in $*
do
sed -i -e "s/$DDOMAIN/$domainname/g" $j
sed -i -e "s/$DSDOMAIN/$slasheddomain/g" $j
sed -i -e "s/$DEFAULTIP/$ip_address/g" $j
printf "$j "
done
echo
else
printf "File to change [\"all\" for everything, \"exit\" to quit]:"
# loop
while read filename ;
do
if [ "$filename" = "exit" ]
then
printf "exitting...\n"
break ;
elif [ "$filename" = "all" ]
then
printf "changing: "
for i in $CONFFILES
do
sed -i -e "s/$DDOMAIN/$domainname/g" $i
sed -i -e "s/$DSDOMAIN/$slasheddomain/g" $i
sed -i -e "s/$DEFAULTIP/$ip_address/g" $i
printf "$i "
done
echo
break;
elif [ -w $filename ]
then
printf "changing $filename \n"
sed -i -e "s/$DDOMAIN/$domainname/g" $filename
sed -i -e "s/$DSDOMAIN/$slasheddomain/g" $filename
sed -i -e "s/$DEFAULTIP/$ip_address/g" $filename
else
printf "cannot access file $filename. skipping... \n"
fi
printf "File to Change:"
done
fi
```
```
$ chmod +x configurator.sh
$ ./configurator.sh
Domain Name:ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
IP Adress:10.4.128.21
$ grep -r "open-ims"
(Change realm name in the below file from open-ims.test to ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org)
$ vim webapps/hss.web.console/WEB-INF/web.xml
$ vim hibernate.properties
```
And, change the following line:
```
hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/hss_db
```
```
$ cp configurator.sh ../scripts/
$ cd ../scripts
$ grep -r "open-ims"
$ ./configurator.sh
Domain Name:ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
IP Adress:10.4.128.21
$ cp configurator.sh ../config/
$ cd ../config
$ ./configurator.sh
Domain Name:ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
IP Adress:10.4.128.21
$ cd ../src-web
$ vim WEB-INF/web.xml
```
And, change open-ims.test to ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
Prepare mysql database:
```
$ mysql
drop database hss_db;
create database hss_db;
quit
```
Import database located at `/opt/OpenIMSCore` into hss_db
```
$ cd /opt/OpenIMSCore
$ mysql -u root -p hss_db < FHoSS/scripts/hss_db.sql
$ mysql -u root -p hss_db < FHoSS/scripts/userdata.sql
```
Check grants for mysql access rights at first time installation:
```
$ mysql
# See last line in hss_db.sql:
grant delete,insert,select,update on hss_db.* to hss@localhost identified by 'hss';
grant delete,insert,select,update on hss_db.* to hss@'%' identified by 'hss';
```
Check database if domain names are o.k. in various entries and privileges
```
$ mysql -u hss -p
show databases;
use hss_db;
select * from impu;
```
Prepare script-file, start HSS
Copy `startup.sh` to `hss.sh` in root directory
```
$ cp /opt/OpenIMSCore/FHoSS/deploy/startup.sh /root/hss.sh
```
And, add the following to `hss.sh` before echo **Building Classpath**
```
cd /opt/OpenIMSCore/FHoSS/deploy
JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79"
CLASSPATH="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_79/jre/lib/"
```
Start HSS using `hss.sh`
```
$ ./hss.sh
```
Access the web-interface of HSS: `http://:8080/hss.web.console/`
For example, [http://172.24.15.30:8080/hss.web.console/](http://172.24.15.30:8080/hss.web.console/)
```
user: hssAdmin
password: hss
```
Then, edit the `/etc/hosts` file as follows:
In the below example. epc-ims is the hostname of the machine
```
root@epc-ims:~# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.0.1 epc-ims
```
#### 20. Add IMS subscription use in FoHSS as follows from the Web GUI
Assuming IMSI of the user as 001010123456791 and MSISDN is 0198765432100
```
Login to the HSS web console.
Navigate to the User Identities page
Create the IMSU
Click IMS Subscription / Create
Enter:
Name = 001010123456791
Capabilities Set = cap_set1
Preferred S-CSCF = scsf1
Click Save
Create the IMPI and Associate the IMPI to the IMSU
Click Create & Bind new IMPI
Enter:
Identity = 001010123456791@ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
Secret Key = 8baf473f2f8fd09487cccbd7097c6862 (Ki value as in Open5GS HSS database)
Authentication Schemes - All
Default = Digest-AKAv1-MD5
AMF = 8000 (As in Open5GS HSS database)
OP = 11111111111111111111111111111111 (As in Open5GS HSS database)
SQN = 000000021090 (SQN value as in Open5GS HSS database)
Click Save
Create and Associate IMPI to IMPU
Click Create & Bind new IMPU
Enter:
Identity = sip:001010123456791@ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
Barring = Yes
Service Profile = default_sp
Charging-Info Set = default_charging_set
IMPU Type = Public_User_Identity
Click Save
Add Visited Network to IMPU
Enter:
Visited Network = ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
Click Add
Now, goto Public User Identity and create further IMPUs as following
1. tel:0198765432100
Public User Identity -IMPU-
Identity = tel:0198765432100
Service Profile = default_sp
Charging-Info Set = default_charging_set
Can Register = Yes
IMPU Type = Public_User_Identity
Click Save
Add Visited Network to IMPU
Enter:
Visited Network = ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
Click Add
Associate IMPI(s) to IMPU
IMPI Identity = 001010123456791@ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
Click Add
2. sip:0198765432100@ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
Public User Identity -IMPU-
Identity = sip:0198765432100@ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
Service Profile = default_sp
Charging-Info Set = default_charging_set
Can Register = Yes
IMPU Type = Public_User_Identity
Click Save
Add Visited Network to IMPU
Enter:
Visited Network = ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
Click Add
Associate IMPI(s) to IMPU
IMPI Identity = 001010123456791@ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
Click Add
And, finally add these IMPUs as implicit set of IMSI derived IMPU in HSS i.e sip:001010123456791@ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org as follows:
1. Goto to IMPU sip:001010123456791@ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org
2. In "Add IMPU(s) to Implicit-Set" section give IMPU Identity created above to be added to this IMPU
```
#### 21. APN settings
Clear all previous APN settings
Then, create APN as follows:
- First create internet APN, APN name: internet, APN type: default --> Save APN
- Then, create ims APN, APN name: ims, APN type: ims --> Save APN
#### 22. eNB settings
Must have in the eNB:
- Support for QoS
- Support for Dedicated radio bearer creation
- Make sure to check the DRB configuration with respect to QCI of APN accordingly (QCI 5 for ims)
On the eNB machine have the following static routes (since internal IP of the VM is advertised in S1AP messages and UE wont find the core in Uplink)
```
$ ip r add 10.4.128.21/32 via 172.24.15.30
```
#### 23. USIM and UE settings
- Make sure to disable SQN check in Sysmocom SIM cards using sysmo-usim-tool tool [https://github.com/herlesupreeth/sysmo-usim-tool](https://github.com/herlesupreeth/sysmo-usim-tool)
- Tested with OnePlus 5 with following methods (Official Google method is the recommended method to prevent damage to phone)
- (Official Google method) - Please follow the instructions in the following link [@herlesupreeth/CoIMS_Wiki](https://github.com/herlesupreeth/CoIMS_Wiki) to force enable VoLTE using Carrier Privileges
- (Risky method) With modfication to enable force IMS registration is a must or else UE will not even attempt to connect to P-CSCF. Need to apply the fix back after each update. [https://forum.xda-developers.com/oneplus-5t/how-to/guide-volte-vowifi-german-carriers-t3817542](https://forum.xda-developers.com/oneplus-5t/how-to/guide-volte-vowifi-german-carriers-t3817542)
#### 24. Start IMS components and FoHSS followed by Open5GS and eNB, then try connecting the phones
#### 25. Test voice call
Assuming IMSI of the user1 as 001010123456791 and MSISDN is 0198765432100 and IMSI of the user2 as 001010123456792 and MSISDN is 0298765432100. Try calling user2 from user1 by dialing its MSISDN ie. 0298765432100
- You can see the sample traffic. -- [[volte.pcapng]]({{ site.url }}{{ site.baseurl }}/assets/pcapng/volte.pcapng).
#### 26. For debugging
Debug using wireshark at Open5GS machine and following wireshark display filter
```
s1ap || gtpv2 || pfcp || diameter || diameter.3gpp || sip
```
Also,
Debugging Diameter messages between PCRF and P-CSCF in Wireshark if the TCP/SCTP port other than 3868
Open Wireshark --> Preferences --> Protocols --> Diameter --> Change to whatever ports are being used
#### Appendix