582 lines
32 KiB
XML
582 lines
32 KiB
XML
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
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[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
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<chapter id='adt-prepare'>
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<title>Preparing for Application Development</title>
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<para>
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In order to develop applications, you need set up your host development system.
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Several ways exist that allow you to install cross-development tools, QEMU, the
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Eclipse Yocto Plug-in, and other tools.
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This chapter describes how to prepare for application development.
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</para>
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<section id='installing-the-adt'>
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<title>Installing the ADT and Toolchains</title>
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<para>
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The following list describes installation methods that set up varying degrees of tool
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availability on your system.
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Regardless of the installation method you choose,
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you must <filename>source</filename> the cross-toolchain
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environment setup script before you use a toolchain.
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See the "<link linkend='setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>Setting Up the
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Cross-Development Environment</link>" section for more information.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>Avoid mixing installation methods when installing toolchains for different architectures.
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For example, avoid using the ADT Installer to install some toolchains and then hand-installing
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cross-development toolchains by running the toolchain installer for different architectures.
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Mixing installation methods can result in situations where the ADT Installer becomes
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unreliable and might not install the toolchain.</para>
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<para>If you must mix installation methods, you might avoid problems by deleting
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<filename>/var/lib/opkg</filename>, thus purging the <filename>opkg</filename> package
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metadata</para>
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</note>
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<para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Use the ADT installer script:</emphasis>
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This method is the recommended way to install the ADT because it
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automates much of the process for you.
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For example, you can configure the installation to install the QEMU emulator
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and the user-space NFS, specify which root filesystem profiles to download,
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and define the target sysroot location.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Use an existing toolchain:</emphasis>
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Using this method, you select and download an architecture-specific
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toolchain installer and then run the script to hand-install the toolchain.
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If you use this method, you just get the cross-toolchain and QEMU - you do not
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get any of the other mentioned benefits had you run the ADT Installer script.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Use the toolchain from within the Build Directory:</emphasis>
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If you already have a
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
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you can build the cross-toolchain within the directory.
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However, like the previous method mentioned, you only get the cross-toolchain and QEMU - you
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do not get any of the other benefits without taking separate steps.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<section id='using-the-adt-installer'>
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<title>Using the ADT Installer</title>
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<para>
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To run the ADT Installer, you need to get the ADT Installer tarball, be sure
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you have the necessary host development packages that support the ADT Installer,
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and then run the ADT Installer Script.
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</para>
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<para>
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For a list of the host packages needed to support ADT installation and use, see the
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"ADT Installer Extras" lists in the
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"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>Required Packages for the Host Development System</ulink>" section
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of the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
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</para>
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<section id='getting-the-adt-installer-tarball'>
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<title>Getting the ADT Installer Tarball</title>
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<para>
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The ADT Installer is contained in the ADT Installer tarball.
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You can download the tarball into any directory from the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases'>Index of Releases</ulink>, specifically
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at
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_ADTINSTALLER_DL_URL;'></ulink>.
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Or, you can use BitBake to generate the tarball inside the existing
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you use BitBake to generate the ADT Installer tarball, you must
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<filename>source</filename> the environment setup script
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(<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
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or
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>)
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located in the Source Directory before running the
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BitBake command that creates the tarball.
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</para>
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<para>
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The following example commands download the Poky tarball, set up the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>,
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set up the environment while also creating the default Build Directory,
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and run the BitBake command that results in the tarball
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<filename>~/yocto-project/build/tmp/deploy/sdk/adt_installer.tar.bz2</filename>:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ cd ~
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$ mkdir yocto-project
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$ cd yocto-project
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$ wget &YOCTO_RELEASE_DL_URL;/&YOCTO_POKY_TARBALL;
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$ tar xjf &YOCTO_POKY_TARBALL;
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$ source &OE_INIT_PATH;
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$ bitbake adt-installer
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</literallayout>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='configuring-and-running-the-adt-installer-script'>
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<title>Configuring and Running the ADT Installer Script</title>
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<para>
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Before running the ADT Installer script, you need to unpack the tarball.
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You can unpack the tarball in any directory you wish.
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For example, this command copies the ADT Installer tarball from where
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it was built into the home directory and then unpacks the tarball into
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a top-level directory named <filename>adt-installer</filename>:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ cd ~
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$ cp ~/poky/build/tmp/deploy/sdk/adt_installer.tar.bz2 $HOME
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$ tar -xjf adt_installer.tar.bz2
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</literallayout>
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Unpacking it creates the directory <filename>adt-installer</filename>,
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which contains the ADT Installer script (<filename>adt_installer</filename>)
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and its configuration file (<filename>adt_installer.conf</filename>).
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</para>
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<para>
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Before you run the script, however, you should examine the ADT Installer configuration
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file and be sure you are going to get what you want.
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Your configurations determine which kernel and filesystem image are downloaded.
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</para>
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<para>
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The following list describes the configurations you can define for the ADT Installer.
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For configuration values and restrictions, see the comments in
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the <filename>adt-installer.conf</filename> file:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_REPO</filename>: This area
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includes the IPKG-based packages and the root filesystem upon which
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the installation is based.
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If you want to set up your own IPKG repository pointed to by
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<filename>YOCTOADT_REPO</filename>, you need to be sure that the
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directory structure follows the same layout as the reference directory
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set up at <ulink url='http://adtrepo.yoctoproject.org'></ulink>.
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Also, your repository needs to be accessible through HTTP.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_TARGETS</filename>: The machine
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target architectures for which you want to set up cross-development
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environments.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_QEMU</filename>: Indicates whether
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or not to install the emulator QEMU.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_NFS_UTIL</filename>: Indicates whether
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or not to install user-mode NFS.
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If you plan to use the Eclipse IDE Yocto plug-in against QEMU,
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you should install NFS.
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<note>To boot QEMU images using our userspace NFS server, you need
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to be running <filename>portmap</filename> or <filename>rpcbind</filename>.
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If you are running <filename>rpcbind</filename>, you will also need to add the
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<filename>-i</filename> option when <filename>rpcbind</filename> starts up.
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Please make sure you understand the security implications of doing this.
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You might also have to modify your firewall settings to allow
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NFS booting to work.</note></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_<arch></filename>: The root
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filesystem images you want to download from the
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<filename>YOCTOADT_IPKG_REPO</filename> repository.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_TARGET_SYSROOT_IMAGE_<arch></filename>: The
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particular root filesystem used to extract and create the target sysroot.
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The value of this variable must have been specified with
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<filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_<arch></filename>.
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For example, if you downloaded both <filename>minimal</filename> and
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<filename>sato-sdk</filename> images by setting
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<filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_<arch></filename>
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to "minimal sato-sdk", then <filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_<arch></filename>
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must be set to either <filename>minimal</filename> or
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<filename>sato-sdk</filename>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_TARGET_SYSROOT_LOC_<arch></filename>: The
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location on the development host where the target sysroot is created.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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After you have configured the <filename>adt_installer.conf</filename> file,
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run the installer using the following command.
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Be sure that you are not trying to use cross-compilation tools.
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When you run the installer, the environment must use a
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host <filename>gcc</filename>:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ cd ~/adt-installer
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$ ./adt_installer
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</literallayout>
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Once the installer begins to run, you are asked to enter the
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location for cross-toolchain installation.
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The default location is
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<filename>/opt/poky/<release></filename>.
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After either accepting the default location or selecting your
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own location, you are prompted to run the installation script
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interactively or in silent mode.
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If you want to closely monitor the installation,
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choose “I” for interactive mode rather than “S” for silent mode.
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Follow the prompts from the script to complete the installation.
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</para>
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<para>
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Once the installation completes, the ADT, which includes the
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cross-toolchain, is installed in the selected installation
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directory.
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You will notice environment setup files for the cross-toolchain
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in the installation directory, and image tarballs in the
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<filename>adt-installer</filename> directory according to your
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installer configurations, and the target sysroot located
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according to the
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<filename>YOCTOADT_TARGET_SYSROOT_LOC_<arch></filename>
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variable also in your configuration file.
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id='using-an-existing-toolchain-tarball'>
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<title>Using a Cross-Toolchain Tarball</title>
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<para>
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If you want to simply install a cross-toolchain by hand, you can
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do so by running the toolchain installer.
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The installer includes the pre-built cross-toolchain, the
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<filename>runqemu</filename> script, and support files.
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If you use this method to install the cross-toolchain, you
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might still need to install the target sysroot by installing and
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extracting it separately.
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For information on how to install the sysroot, see the
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"<link linkend='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>Extracting the Root Filesystem</link>" section.
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</para>
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<para>
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Follow these steps:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>Get your toolchain installer using one of the
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following methods:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Go to
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_TOOLCHAIN_DL_URL;'></ulink>
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and find the folder that matches your host
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development system (i.e. <filename>i686</filename>
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for 32-bit machines or <filename>x86_64</filename>
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for 64-bit machines).</para>
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<para>Go into that folder and download the toolchain
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installer whose name includes the appropriate target
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architecture.
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The toolchains provided by the Yocto Project
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are based off of the
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<filename>core-image-sato</filename> image and
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contain libraries appropriate for developing
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against that image.
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For example, if your host development system is a
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64-bit x86 system and you are going to use
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your cross-toolchain for a 32-bit x86
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target, go into the <filename>x86_64</filename>
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folder and download the following installer:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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poky-eglibc-x86_64-core-image-sato-i586-&DISTRO;.sh
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Build your own toolchain installer.
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For cases where you cannot use an installer
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from the download area, you can build your own as
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described in the
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"<link linkend='optionally-building-a-toolchain-installer'>Optionally Building a Toolchain Installer</link>"
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section.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Once you have the installer, run it to install
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the toolchain.
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You must change the permissions on the toolchain installer
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script so that it is executable.</para>
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<para>The following command shows how to run the installer
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given a toolchain tarball for a 64-bit x86 development host
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system and a 32-bit x86 target architecture.
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The example assumes the toolchain installer is located
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in <filename>~/Downloads/</filename>.
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ ~/Downloads/poky-eglibc-x86_64-core-image-sato-i586-&DISTRO;.sh
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</literallayout>
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<note>
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If you do not have write permissions for the directory
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into which you are installing the toolchain, the
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toolchain installer notifies you and exits.
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Be sure you have write permissions in the directory and
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run the installer again.
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</note>
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Once the tarball is expanded, the cross-toolchain is
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installed.
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You will notice environment setup files for the
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cross-toolchain in the directory.</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='using-the-toolchain-from-within-the-build-tree'>
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<title>Using BitBake and the Build Directory</title>
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<para>
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A final way of making the cross-toolchain available is to use BitBake
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to generate the toolchain within an existing
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
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This method does not install the toolchain into the default
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<filename>/opt</filename> directory.
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As with the previous method, if you need to install the target sysroot, you must
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do that separately as well.
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</para>
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<para>
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Follow these steps to generate the toolchain into the Build Directory:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>Source the environment setup script
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<filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename> located in the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>At this point, you should be sure that the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink> variable
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in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file found in the
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<filename>conf</filename> directory of the Build Directory
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is set for the target architecture.
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Comments within the <filename>local.conf</filename> file list the values you
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can use for the <filename>MACHINE</filename> variable.
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<note>You can populate the Build Directory with the cross-toolchains for more
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than a single architecture.
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You just need to edit the <filename>MACHINE</filename> variable in the
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<filename>local.conf</filename> file and re-run the BitBake
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command.</note></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Run <filename>bitbake meta-ide-support</filename> to complete the
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cross-toolchain generation.
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<note>If you change out of your working directory after you
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<filename>source</filename> the environment setup script and before you run
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the BitBake command, the command might not work.
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Be sure to run the BitBake command immediately
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after checking or editing the <filename>local.conf</filename> but without
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changing out of your working directory.</note>
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Once the BitBake command finishes,
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the cross-toolchain is generated and populated within the Build Directory.
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You will notice environment setup files for the cross-toolchain in the
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Build Directory in the <filename>tmp</filename> directory.
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Setup script filenames contain the strings <filename>environment-setup</filename>.</para>
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<para>Be aware that when you use this method to install the toolchain you still need
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to separately extract and install the sysroot filesystem.
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For information on how to do this, see the
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"<link linkend='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>Extracting the Root Filesystem</link>" section.
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</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id='setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>
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<title>Setting Up the Cross-Development Environment</title>
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<para>
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Before you can develop using the cross-toolchain, you need to set up the
|
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cross-development environment by sourcing the toolchain's environment setup script.
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If you used the ADT Installer or hand-installed cross-toolchain,
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then you can find this script in the directory you chose for installation.
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The default installation directory is the <filename>&YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR;</filename>
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directory.
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If you installed the toolchain in the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
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you can find the environment setup
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script for the toolchain in the Build Directory's <filename>tmp</filename> directory.
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</para>
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<para>
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Be sure to run the environment setup script that matches the
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architecture for which you are developing.
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Environment setup scripts begin with the string
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"<filename>environment-setup</filename>" and include as part of their
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name the architecture.
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For example, the toolchain environment setup script for a 64-bit
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IA-based architecture installed in the default installation directory
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would be the following:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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&YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR;/environment-setup-x86_64-poky-linux
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</literallayout>
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</para>
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</section>
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|
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<section id='securing-kernel-and-filesystem-images'>
|
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<title>Securing Kernel and Filesystem Images</title>
|
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|
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<para>
|
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You will need to have a kernel and filesystem image to boot using your
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hardware or the QEMU emulator.
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Furthermore, if you plan on booting your image using NFS or you want to use the root filesystem
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as the target sysroot, you need to extract the root filesystem.
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</para>
|
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<section id='getting-the-images'>
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<title>Getting the Images</title>
|
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<para>
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To get the kernel and filesystem images, you either have to build them or download
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pre-built versions.
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You can find examples for both these situations in the
|
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"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#test-run'>A Quick Test Run</ulink>" section of
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the Yocto Project Quick Start.
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</para>
|
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<para>
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The Yocto Project ships basic kernel and filesystem images for several
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architectures (<filename>x86</filename>, <filename>x86-64</filename>,
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<filename>mips</filename>, <filename>powerpc</filename>, and <filename>arm</filename>)
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that you can use unaltered in the QEMU emulator.
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These kernel images reside in the release
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area - <ulink url='&YOCTO_MACHINES_DL_URL;'></ulink>
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and are ideal for experimentation using Yocto Project.
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For information on the image types you can build using the OpenEmbedded build system,
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see the
|
|
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>" chapter in
|
|
the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
|
|
</para>
|
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|
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<para>
|
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If you are planning on developing against your image and you are not
|
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building or using one of the Yocto Project development images
|
|
(e.g. <filename>core-image-*-dev</filename>), you must be sure to
|
|
include the development packages as part of your image recipe.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Furthermore, if you plan on remotely deploying and debugging your
|
|
application from within the
|
|
Eclipse IDE, you must have an image that contains the Yocto Target Communication
|
|
Framework (TCF) agent (<filename>tcf-agent</filename>).
|
|
By default, the Yocto Project provides only one type pre-built image that contains the
|
|
<filename>tcf-agent</filename>.
|
|
And, those images are SDK (e.g.<filename>core-image-sato-sdk</filename>).
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want to use a different image type that contains the <filename>tcf-agent</filename>,
|
|
you can do so one of two ways:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>Modify the <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> configuration in
|
|
the <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
|
|
and then rebuild the image.
|
|
With this method, you need to modify the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
|
|
variable to have the value of "tools-debug" before rebuilding the image.
|
|
Once the image is rebuilt, the <filename>tcf-agent</filename> will be included
|
|
in the image and is launched automatically after the boot.</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Manually build the <filename>tcf-agent</filename>.
|
|
To build the agent, follow these steps:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>Be sure the ADT is installed as described in the
|
|
"<link linkend='installing-the-adt'>Installing the ADT and Toolchains</link>" section.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Set up the cross-development environment as described in the
|
|
"<link linkend='setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>Setting
|
|
Up the Cross-Development Environment</link>" section.</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Get the <filename>tcf-agent</filename> source code using
|
|
the following commands:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ git clone http://git.eclipse.org/gitroot/tcf/org.eclipse.tcf.agent.git
|
|
$ cd agent
|
|
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Modify the <filename>Makefile.inc</filename> file
|
|
for the cross-compilation environment by setting the
|
|
<filename>OPSYS</filename> and
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
|
|
variables according to your target.</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Use the cross-development tools to build the
|
|
<filename>tcf-agent</filename>.
|
|
Before you "Make" the file, be sure your cross-tools are set up first.
|
|
See the "<link linkend='makefile-based-projects'>Makefile-Based Projects</link>"
|
|
section for information on how to make sure the cross-tools are set up
|
|
correctly.</para>
|
|
<para>If the build is successful, the <filename>tcf-agent</filename> output will
|
|
be <filename>obj/$(OPSYS)/$(MACHINE)/Debug/agent</filename>.</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Deploy the agent into the image's root filesystem.</para></listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section id='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>
|
|
<title>Extracting the Root Filesystem</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
You must extract the root filesystem if you want to boot the image using NFS
|
|
or you want to use the root filesystem as the target sysroot.
|
|
For example, the Eclipse IDE environment with the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in installed allows you
|
|
to use QEMU to boot under NFS.
|
|
Another example is if you want to develop your target application using the
|
|
root filesystem as the target sysroot.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To extract the root filesystem, first <filename>source</filename>
|
|
the cross-development environment setup script and then
|
|
use the <filename>runqemu-extract-sdk</filename> command on the
|
|
filesystem image.
|
|
For example, the following commands set up the environment and then extract
|
|
the root filesystem from a previously built filesystem image tarball named
|
|
<filename>core-image-sato-sdk-qemux86-2011091411831.rootfs.tar.bz2</filename>.
|
|
The example extracts the root filesystem into the <filename>$HOME/qemux86-sato</filename>
|
|
directory:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ source $HOME/toolchain_dir/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
|
|
$ runqemu-extract-sdk \
|
|
~Downloads/core-image-sato-sdk-qemux86-2011091411831.rootfs.tar.bz2 \
|
|
$HOME/qemux86-sato
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
In this case, you could now point to the target sysroot at
|
|
<filename>$HOME/qemux86-sato</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section id='optionally-building-a-toolchain-installer'>
|
|
<title>Optionally Building a Toolchain Installer</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
As an alternative to locating and downloading a toolchain installer,
|
|
you can build the toolchain installer if you have a
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can build the toolchain
|
|
installer using <filename>bitbake meta-toolchain</filename>.
|
|
This method requires you to still install the target
|
|
sysroot by installing and extracting it separately.
|
|
For information on how to install the sysroot, see the
|
|
"<link linkend='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>Extracting the Root Filesystem</link>" section.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
A final method of building the toolchain installer exists that has
|
|
significant advantages over the previous method.
|
|
This method results in a toolchain installer that contains the sysroot
|
|
that matches your target root filesystem.
|
|
To build this installer, use the
|
|
<filename>bitbake image -c populate_sdk</filename> command.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Remember, before using any <filename>bitbake</filename> command, you
|
|
must source the build environment setup script
|
|
(i.e.
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
|
|
or
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>)
|
|
located in the Source Directory and you must make sure your
|
|
<filename>conf/local.conf</filename> variables are correct.
|
|
In particular, you need to be sure the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
|
|
variable matches the architecture for which you are building and that
|
|
the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></ulink>
|
|
variable is correctly set if you are building a toolchain designed to
|
|
run on an architecture that differs from your current development host
|
|
machine (i.e. the build machine).
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
When the BitBake command completes, the toolchain installer will be in
|
|
<filename>tmp/deploy/sdk</filename> in the Build Directory.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
<!--
|
|
vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
|
|
-->
|