documentation/dev-manual: Bruce Ashfield's dev-manual comments added.
I was not able to get to Bruce's comments he submitted to me for the "Model" chapter of the development manual. His comments consisted of various tweaks to terminology I used and the inclusion of some additional technical information. This commit addresses all his comments for the review. (From yocto-docs rev: 206a22e1ccf077360974f18295b6df455cd50545) Signed-off-by: Scott Rifenbark <scott.m.rifenbark@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Richard Purdie <richard.purdie@linuxfoundation.org>
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<para>
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Kernel modification involves changing the Linux Yocto kernel, which could involve changing
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configuration variables as well as adding new kernel recipes.
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configuration options as well as adding new kernel recipes.
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Configuration changes can be added in the form of configuration fragments, while recipe
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modification comes through the kernel's <filename>recipes-kernel</filename> area
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in a kernel layer you create.
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<title>Kernel Overview</title>
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<para>
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When one thinks of the source files for a kernel they usually think of a fixed structure
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of files that contain kernel patches.
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Traditionally, when one thinks of a patched kernel, they think of a base kernel
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source tree and a fixed structure that conains kernel patches.
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The Yocto Project, however, employs mechanisims, that in a sense, result in a kernel source
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generator.
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By the end of this section, this analogy will become clearer.
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</para>
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<para>
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The kernels are maintained using the Git application that, in a sense, structures
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them in a "tree" complete with branches and leaves.
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The kernels are maintained using the Git revision control system
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that structures them using the familiar "tree", "branch", and "leaf" scheme.
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Branches represent diversions from general code to more specific code, while leaves
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represent the end-points for a complete and unique kernel whose source files
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when gathered from the root of the tree to the leaf accumulate to create the files
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<para>
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Within the figure, the "Kernel.org Branch Point" represents the point in the tree
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where a supported base kernel diverges from the Linux kernel.
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where a supported base kernel is modified from the Linux kernel.
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For example, this could be the branch point for the <filename>linux-yocto-3.0</filename>
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kernel.
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Thus, everything further to the right in the structure is based on the
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<para>
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The overall result is a Git-maintained repository from which all the supported
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Yocto Project kernels can be derived for all the supported Yocto Project devices.
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Yocto Project kernel types can be derived for all the supported Yocto Project devices.
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A big advantage to this scheme is the sharing of common features by keeping them in
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"larger" branches within the tree.
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This practice eliminates redundant storage of similar features shared among kernels.
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Project files Git repository.
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For information on how to get these files, see the bulleted item
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"<link linkend='poky-extras-repo'>The <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository</link>"
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earlier in this manual.</para></listitem>
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earlier in this manual.
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<note>While it is certainly possible to modify the kernel without involving
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a local Git repository, the suggested workflow for kernel modification
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using the Yocto Project does use a Git repository.</note></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Establish a local copy of the Linux Yocto kernel files on your
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system</emphasis>: In order to make modifications to the kernel you need two things:
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a bare clone of the Linux Yocto kernel you are modifying and
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Once the changes are made, you need to use Git commands to commit the changes
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and then push them to the bare clone.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Make kernel configuration changes
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to your local kernel layer if applicable</emphasis>:
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if applicable</emphasis>:
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If your situation calls for changing the kernel's configuration, you can
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use <filename>menuconfig</filename>
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to enable and disable kernel configurations.
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configuration changes you are making to the kernel.
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When saved, changes using <filename>menuconfig</filename> update the kernel's
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<filename>.config</filename>.
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As an alternative method to changing the kernel's configuration, you can simply
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edit the <filename>.config</filename> found in the Yocto Project build
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directory at <filename>tmp/sysroots/<machine-name>/kernel</filename>
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directly.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Add new kernel recipes if applicable</emphasis>: The standard
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Try to resist the temptation of directly editing the <filename>.config</filename>
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file found in the Yocto Project build directory at
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<filename>tmp/sysroots/<machine-name>/kernel</filename>.
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Doing so, can produce unexpected results when the Yocto Project build system
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regenerates the configuration file.</para>
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<para>Once you are satisfied with the configuration changes made using
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<filename>menuconfig</filename>, you can directly examine the
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<filename>.config</filename> file against a saved original and gather those
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changes into a config fragment to be placed inside a
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<filename>.bbappend</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Add or extend kernel recipes if applicable</emphasis>:
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The standard
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layer structure organizes recipe files inside the
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<filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer that is within the
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<filename>poky-extras</filename> Git repository.
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which allows you to distribute the layer.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>If applicable, share your in-tree changes</emphasis>:
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If the changes you made
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are suited for all Linux Yocto users, you might want to push the changes to a
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contribution area for the Linux Yocto Git repository.
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Once the changes are pushed, you can request that they
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be pulled into the master branch of the kernel tree.
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are suited for all Linux Yocto users, you might want to send them on for inclusion
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into the Linux Yocto Git repository.
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If the changes are accepted, the Yocto Project Maintainer pulls them into
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the master branch of the kernel tree.
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Doing so makes them available to everyone using the kernel.</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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