/* * Copyright (C) 2019 by Sukchan Lee * * This file is part of Open5GS. * * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program. If not, see . */ #include "mme-context.h" #include "mme-sm.h" #include "mme-timer.h" #include "s1ap-handler.h" #include "s1ap-path.h" #include "sgsap-path.h" #include "nas-security.h" #include "nas-path.h" #include "emm-handler.h" #include "esm-handler.h" #include "mme-gtp-path.h" #include "mme-s11-handler.h" #include "mme-fd-path.h" #include "mme-s6a-handler.h" #include "mme-path.h" /* 3GPP TS 29.272 Annex A; Table !.a: * Mapping from S6a error codes to NAS Cause Codes */ static uint8_t emm_cause_from_diameter( mme_ue_t *mme_ue, const uint32_t *dia_err, const uint32_t *dia_exp_err) { ogs_assert(mme_ue); if (dia_exp_err) { switch (*dia_exp_err) { case OGS_DIAM_S6A_ERROR_USER_UNKNOWN: /* 5001 */ ogs_info("[%s] User Unknown in HSS DB", mme_ue->imsi_bcd); return EMM_CAUSE_PLMN_NOT_ALLOWED; case OGS_DIAM_S6A_ERROR_UNKNOWN_EPS_SUBSCRIPTION: /* 5420 */ /* FIXME: Error diagnostic? */ return EMM_CAUSE_NO_SUITABLE_CELLS_IN_TRACKING_AREA; case OGS_DIAM_S6A_ERROR_RAT_NOT_ALLOWED: /* 5421 */ return EMM_CAUSE_ROAMING_NOT_ALLOWED_IN_THIS_TRACKING_AREA; case OGS_DIAM_S6A_ERROR_ROAMING_NOT_ALLOWED: /* 5004 */ return EMM_CAUSE_PLMN_NOT_ALLOWED; //return EMM_CAUSE_EPS_SERVICES_NOT_ALLOWED_IN_THIS_PLMN; (ODB_HPLMN_APN) //return EMM_CAUSE_ESM_FAILURE; (ODB_ALL_APN) case OGS_DIAM_S6A_AUTHENTICATION_DATA_UNAVAILABLE: /* 4181 */ return EMM_CAUSE_NETWORK_FAILURE; } } if (dia_err) { switch (*dia_err) { case ER_DIAMETER_AUTHORIZATION_REJECTED: /* 5003 */ case ER_DIAMETER_UNABLE_TO_DELIVER: /* 3002 */ case ER_DIAMETER_REALM_NOT_SERVED: /* 3003 */ return EMM_CAUSE_NO_SUITABLE_CELLS_IN_TRACKING_AREA; case ER_DIAMETER_UNABLE_TO_COMPLY: /* 5012 */ case ER_DIAMETER_INVALID_AVP_VALUE: /* 5004 */ case ER_DIAMETER_AVP_UNSUPPORTED: /* 5001 */ case ER_DIAMETER_MISSING_AVP: /* 5005 */ case ER_DIAMETER_RESOURCES_EXCEEDED: /* 5006 */ case ER_DIAMETER_AVP_OCCURS_TOO_MANY_TIMES: /* 5009 */ return EMM_CAUSE_NETWORK_FAILURE; } } ogs_error("Unexpected Diameter Result Code %d/%d, defaulting to severe " "network failure", dia_err ? *dia_err : -1, dia_exp_err ? *dia_exp_err : -1); return EMM_CAUSE_SEVERE_NETWORK_FAILURE; } void mme_state_initial(ogs_fsm_t *s, mme_event_t *e) { mme_sm_debug(e); ogs_assert(s); OGS_FSM_TRAN(s, &mme_state_operational); } void mme_state_final(ogs_fsm_t *s, mme_event_t *e) { mme_sm_debug(e); ogs_assert(s); } void mme_state_operational(ogs_fsm_t *s, mme_event_t *e) { int rv; char buf[OGS_ADDRSTRLEN]; ogs_sock_t *sock = NULL; ogs_sockaddr_t *addr = NULL; mme_enb_t *enb = NULL; uint16_t max_num_of_ostreams = 0; ogs_s1ap_message_t s1ap_message; ogs_pkbuf_t *pkbuf = NULL; int rc; ogs_nas_eps_message_t nas_message; enb_ue_t *enb_ue = NULL; mme_ue_t *mme_ue = NULL; mme_bearer_t *bearer = NULL; mme_bearer_t *default_bearer = NULL; mme_sess_t *sess = NULL; ogs_diam_s6a_message_t *s6a_message = NULL; ogs_gtp_node_t *gnode = NULL; ogs_gtp_xact_t *xact = NULL; ogs_gtp2_message_t gtp_message; mme_vlr_t *vlr = NULL; ogs_assert(e); mme_sm_debug(e); ogs_assert(s); switch (e->id) { case OGS_FSM_ENTRY_SIG: break; case OGS_FSM_EXIT_SIG: break; case MME_EVT_S1AP_LO_ACCEPT: sock = e->sock; ogs_assert(sock); addr = e->addr; ogs_assert(addr); ogs_assert(addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET || addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET6); ogs_info("eNB-S1 accepted[%s] in master_sm module", OGS_ADDR(addr, buf)); enb = mme_enb_find_by_addr(addr); if (!enb) { enb = mme_enb_add(sock, addr); ogs_assert(enb); } else { ogs_warn("eNB context duplicated with IP-address [%s]!!!", OGS_ADDR(addr, buf)); ogs_sock_destroy(sock); ogs_free(addr); ogs_warn("S1 Socket Closed"); } break; case MME_EVT_S1AP_LO_SCTP_COMM_UP: sock = e->sock; ogs_assert(sock); addr = e->addr; ogs_assert(addr); ogs_assert(addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET || addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET6); max_num_of_ostreams = e->max_num_of_ostreams; enb = mme_enb_find_by_addr(addr); if (!enb) { enb = mme_enb_add(sock, addr); ogs_assert(enb); } else { ogs_free(addr); } if (enb->max_num_of_ostreams) enb->max_num_of_ostreams = ogs_min(max_num_of_ostreams, enb->max_num_of_ostreams); else enb->max_num_of_ostreams = max_num_of_ostreams; ogs_info("eNB-N2[%s] max_num_of_ostreams : %d", OGS_ADDR(enb->sctp.addr, buf), enb->max_num_of_ostreams); break; case MME_EVT_S1AP_LO_CONNREFUSED: sock = e->sock; ogs_assert(sock); addr = e->addr; ogs_assert(addr); ogs_assert(addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET || addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET6); enb = mme_enb_find_by_addr(addr); if (enb) { ogs_info("eNB-S1[%s] connection refused!!!", OGS_ADDR(addr, buf)); mme_gtp_send_release_all_ue_in_enb( enb, OGS_GTP_RELEASE_S1_CONTEXT_REMOVE_BY_LO_CONNREFUSED); mme_enb_remove(enb); } else { ogs_warn("eNB-S1[%s] connection refused, Already Removed!", OGS_ADDR(addr, buf)); } ogs_free(addr); break; case MME_EVT_S1AP_MESSAGE: sock = e->sock; ogs_assert(sock); addr = e->addr; ogs_assert(addr); pkbuf = e->pkbuf; ogs_assert(pkbuf); ogs_assert(addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET || addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET6); enb = mme_enb_find_by_addr(addr); ogs_free(addr); ogs_assert(enb); ogs_assert(OGS_FSM_STATE(&enb->sm)); rc = ogs_s1ap_decode(&s1ap_message, pkbuf); if (rc == OGS_OK) { e->enb = enb; e->s1ap_message = &s1ap_message; ogs_fsm_dispatch(&enb->sm, e); } else { ogs_warn("Cannot decode S1AP message"); ogs_assert(OGS_OK == s1ap_send_error_indication( enb, NULL, NULL, S1AP_Cause_PR_protocol, S1AP_CauseProtocol_abstract_syntax_error_falsely_constructed_message)); } ogs_s1ap_free(&s1ap_message); ogs_pkbuf_free(pkbuf); break; case MME_EVT_S1AP_TIMER: enb_ue = e->enb_ue; ogs_assert(enb_ue); switch (e->timer_id) { case MME_TIMER_S1_DELAYED_SEND: enb = e->enb; ogs_assert(enb); pkbuf = e->pkbuf; ogs_assert(pkbuf); ogs_expect(OGS_OK == s1ap_send_to_enb_ue(enb_ue, pkbuf)); ogs_timer_delete(e->timer); break; case MME_TIMER_S1_HOLDING: ogs_warn("Implicit S1 release"); ogs_warn(" ENB_UE_S1AP_ID[%d] MME_UE_S1AP_ID[%d]", enb_ue->enb_ue_s1ap_id, enb_ue->mme_ue_s1ap_id); s1ap_handle_ue_context_release_action(enb_ue); break; default: ogs_error("Unknown timer[%s:%d]", mme_timer_get_name(e->timer_id), e->timer_id); break; } break; case MME_EVT_EMM_MESSAGE: enb_ue = e->enb_ue; ogs_assert(enb_ue); pkbuf = e->pkbuf; ogs_assert(pkbuf); if (ogs_nas_emm_decode(&nas_message, pkbuf) != OGS_OK) { ogs_error("ogs_nas_emm_decode() failed"); ogs_pkbuf_free(pkbuf); return; } mme_ue = enb_ue->mme_ue; if (!mme_ue) { mme_ue = mme_ue_find_by_message(&nas_message); if (!mme_ue) { mme_ue = mme_ue_add(enb_ue); ogs_assert(mme_ue); } else { /* Here, if the MME_UE Context is found, * the integrity check is not performed * For example, ATTACH_REQUEST, * TRACKING_AREA_UPDATE_REQUEST message * * Now, We will check the MAC in the NAS message*/ ogs_nas_security_header_type_t h; h.type = e->nas_type; if (h.integrity_protected) { /* Decryption was performed in S1AP handler. * So, we disabled 'ciphered' * not to decrypt NAS message */ h.ciphered = 0; if (nas_eps_security_decode(mme_ue, h, pkbuf) != OGS_OK) { ogs_error("nas_security_decode() failed"); ogs_pkbuf_free(pkbuf); return; } } } /* If NAS(mme_ue_t) has already been associated with * older S1(enb_ue_t) context */ if (ECM_CONNECTED(mme_ue)) { /* Previous S1(enb_ue_t) context the holding timer(30secs) * is started. * Newly associated S1(enb_ue_t) context holding timer * is stopped. */ ogs_debug("Start S1 Holding Timer"); ogs_debug(" ENB_UE_S1AP_ID[%d] MME_UE_S1AP_ID[%d]", mme_ue->enb_ue->enb_ue_s1ap_id, mme_ue->enb_ue->mme_ue_s1ap_id); /* De-associate S1 with NAS/EMM */ enb_ue_deassociate(mme_ue->enb_ue); ogs_assert(OGS_OK == s1ap_send_ue_context_release_command(mme_ue->enb_ue, S1AP_Cause_PR_nas, S1AP_CauseNas_normal_release, S1AP_UE_CTX_REL_S1_CONTEXT_REMOVE, 0)); } mme_ue_associate_enb_ue(mme_ue, enb_ue); } ogs_assert(mme_ue); ogs_assert(OGS_FSM_STATE(&mme_ue->sm)); e->mme_ue = mme_ue; e->nas_message = &nas_message; ogs_fsm_dispatch(&mme_ue->sm, e); if (OGS_FSM_CHECK(&mme_ue->sm, emm_state_exception)) { mme_send_delete_session_or_mme_ue_context_release(mme_ue); } ogs_pkbuf_free(pkbuf); break; case MME_EVT_EMM_TIMER: mme_ue = e->mme_ue; ogs_assert(mme_ue); ogs_assert(OGS_FSM_STATE(&mme_ue->sm)); ogs_fsm_dispatch(&mme_ue->sm, e); break; case MME_EVT_ESM_MESSAGE: mme_ue = e->mme_ue; ogs_assert(mme_ue); pkbuf = e->pkbuf; ogs_assert(pkbuf); if (ogs_nas_esm_decode(&nas_message, pkbuf) != OGS_OK) { ogs_error("ogs_nas_esm_decode() failed"); ogs_pkbuf_free(pkbuf); break; } bearer = mme_bearer_find_or_add_by_message( mme_ue, &nas_message, e->create_action); if (!bearer) { ogs_pkbuf_free(pkbuf); break; } sess = bearer->sess; ogs_assert(sess); default_bearer = mme_default_bearer_in_sess(sess); ogs_assert(default_bearer); e->bearer = bearer; e->nas_message = &nas_message; ogs_fsm_dispatch(&bearer->sm, e); if (OGS_FSM_CHECK(&bearer->sm, esm_state_bearer_deactivated)) { if (default_bearer->ebi == bearer->ebi) { /* if the bearer is a default bearer, * remove all session context linked the default bearer */ mme_sess_remove(sess); } else { /* if the bearer is not a default bearer, * just remove the bearer context */ mme_bearer_remove(bearer); } } else if (OGS_FSM_CHECK(&bearer->sm, esm_state_pdn_did_disconnect)) { ogs_assert(default_bearer->ebi == bearer->ebi); mme_sess_remove(sess); } else if (OGS_FSM_CHECK(&bearer->sm, esm_state_exception)) { /* * The UE requested the wrong APN. * * From the Issues #568, MME need to accept further service request. * To do this, we are not going to release UE context. * * Just we'll remove MME session context. */ mme_sess_remove(sess); } ogs_pkbuf_free(pkbuf); break; case MME_EVT_ESM_TIMER: bearer = e->bearer; ogs_assert(bearer); ogs_assert(OGS_FSM_STATE(&bearer->sm)); ogs_fsm_dispatch(&bearer->sm, e); break; case MME_EVT_S6A_MESSAGE: mme_ue = e->mme_ue; ogs_assert(mme_ue); s6a_message = e->s6a_message; ogs_assert(s6a_message); enb_ue = enb_ue_cycle(mme_ue->enb_ue); if (!enb_ue) { ogs_error("S1 context has already been removed"); ogs_subscription_data_free( &s6a_message->ula_message.subscription_data); ogs_free(s6a_message); break; } if (s6a_message->result_code != ER_DIAMETER_SUCCESS) { /* Unfortunately fd doesn't distinguish * between result-code and experimental-result-code. * * However, e.g. 5004 has different meaning * if used in result-code than in experimental-result-code */ uint8_t emm_cause = emm_cause_from_diameter( mme_ue, s6a_message->err, s6a_message->exp_err); ogs_info("[%s] Attach reject [EMM_CAUSE:%d]", mme_ue->imsi_bcd, emm_cause); ogs_assert(OGS_OK == nas_eps_send_attach_reject(mme_ue, emm_cause, ESM_CAUSE_PROTOCOL_ERROR_UNSPECIFIED)); ogs_assert(OGS_OK == s1ap_send_ue_context_release_command(enb_ue, S1AP_Cause_PR_nas, S1AP_CauseNas_normal_release, S1AP_UE_CTX_REL_UE_CONTEXT_REMOVE, 0)); ogs_subscription_data_free( &s6a_message->ula_message.subscription_data); ogs_free(s6a_message); break; } switch (s6a_message->cmd_code) { case OGS_DIAM_S6A_CMD_CODE_AUTHENTICATION_INFORMATION: mme_s6a_handle_aia(mme_ue, &s6a_message->aia_message); break; case OGS_DIAM_S6A_CMD_CODE_UPDATE_LOCATION: mme_s6a_handle_ula(mme_ue, &s6a_message->ula_message); if (mme_ue->nas_eps.type == MME_EPS_TYPE_ATTACH_REQUEST) { rv = nas_eps_send_emm_to_esm(mme_ue, &mme_ue->pdn_connectivity_request); if (rv != OGS_OK) { ogs_error("nas_eps_send_emm_to_esm() failed"); ogs_assert(OGS_OK == nas_eps_send_attach_reject(mme_ue, EMM_CAUSE_PROTOCOL_ERROR_UNSPECIFIED, ESM_CAUSE_PROTOCOL_ERROR_UNSPECIFIED)); } } else if (mme_ue->nas_eps.type == MME_EPS_TYPE_TAU_REQUEST) { ogs_assert(OGS_OK == nas_eps_send_tau_accept(mme_ue, S1AP_ProcedureCode_id_InitialContextSetup)); } else if (mme_ue->nas_eps.type == MME_EPS_TYPE_SERVICE_REQUEST) { ogs_error("[%s] Service request", mme_ue->imsi_bcd); } else if (mme_ue->nas_eps.type == MME_EPS_TYPE_DETACH_REQUEST_FROM_UE) { ogs_error("[%s] Detach request", mme_ue->imsi_bcd); } else { ogs_fatal("Invalid Type[%d]", mme_ue->nas_eps.type); ogs_assert_if_reached(); } break; default: ogs_error("Invalid Type[%d]", s6a_message->cmd_code); break; } ogs_subscription_data_free(&s6a_message->ula_message.subscription_data); ogs_free(s6a_message); break; case MME_EVT_S11_MESSAGE: pkbuf = e->pkbuf; ogs_assert(pkbuf); if (ogs_gtp2_parse_msg(>p_message, pkbuf) != OGS_OK) { ogs_error("ogs_gtp2_parse_msg() failed"); ogs_pkbuf_free(pkbuf); break; } /* * 5.5.2 in spec 29.274 * * If a peer's TEID is not available, the TEID field still shall be * present in the header and its value shall be set to "0" in the * following messages: * * - Create Session Request message on S2a/S2b/S5/S8 * * - Create Session Request message on S4/S11, if for a given UE, * the SGSN/MME has not yet obtained the Control TEID of the SGW. * * - If a node receives a message and the TEID-C in the GTPv2 header of * the received message is not known, it shall respond with * "Context not found" Cause in the corresponding response message * to the sender, the TEID used in the GTPv2-C header in the response * message shall be then set to zero. * * - If a node receives a request message containing protocol error, * e.g. Mandatory IE missing, which requires the receiver to reject * the message as specified in clause 7.7, it shall reject * the request message. For the response message, the node should * look up the remote peer's TEID and accordingly set the GTPv2-C * header TEID and the message cause code. As an implementation * option, the node may not look up the remote peer's TEID and * set the GTPv2-C header TEID to zero in the response message. * However in this case, the cause code shall not be set to * "Context not found". */ if (gtp_message.h.teid_presence && gtp_message.h.teid != 0) { /* Cause is not "Context not found" */ mme_ue = mme_ue_find_by_teid(gtp_message.h.teid); } if (mme_ue) { gnode = mme_ue->gnode; ogs_assert(gnode); } else { gnode = e->gnode; ogs_assert(gnode); } rv = ogs_gtp_xact_receive(gnode, >p_message.h, &xact); if (rv != OGS_OK) { ogs_pkbuf_free(pkbuf); break; } switch (gtp_message.h.type) { case OGS_GTP2_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_echo_request(xact, >p_message.echo_request); break; case OGS_GTP2_ECHO_RESPONSE_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_echo_response(xact, >p_message.echo_response); break; case OGS_GTP2_CREATE_SESSION_RESPONSE_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_create_session_response( xact, mme_ue, >p_message.create_session_response); break; case OGS_GTP2_MODIFY_BEARER_RESPONSE_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_modify_bearer_response( xact, mme_ue, >p_message.modify_bearer_response); break; case OGS_GTP2_DELETE_SESSION_RESPONSE_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_delete_session_response( xact, mme_ue, >p_message.delete_session_response); break; case OGS_GTP2_CREATE_BEARER_REQUEST_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_create_bearer_request( xact, mme_ue, >p_message.create_bearer_request); break; case OGS_GTP2_UPDATE_BEARER_REQUEST_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_update_bearer_request( xact, mme_ue, >p_message.update_bearer_request); break; case OGS_GTP2_DELETE_BEARER_REQUEST_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_delete_bearer_request( xact, mme_ue, >p_message.delete_bearer_request); break; case OGS_GTP2_RELEASE_ACCESS_BEARERS_RESPONSE_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_release_access_bearers_response( xact, mme_ue, >p_message.release_access_bearers_response); break; case OGS_GTP2_DOWNLINK_DATA_NOTIFICATION_TYPE: if (!mme_ue) { if (gtp_message.h.teid_presence) ogs_warn("No Context : TEID[%d]", gtp_message.h.teid); else ogs_warn("No Context : No TEID"); break; } mme_s11_handle_downlink_data_notification( xact, mme_ue, >p_message.downlink_data_notification); break; case OGS_GTP2_CREATE_INDIRECT_DATA_FORWARDING_TUNNEL_RESPONSE_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_create_indirect_data_forwarding_tunnel_response( xact, mme_ue, >p_message.create_indirect_data_forwarding_tunnel_response); break; case OGS_GTP2_DELETE_INDIRECT_DATA_FORWARDING_TUNNEL_RESPONSE_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_delete_indirect_data_forwarding_tunnel_response( xact, mme_ue, >p_message.delete_indirect_data_forwarding_tunnel_response); break; case OGS_GTP2_BEARER_RESOURCE_FAILURE_INDICATION_TYPE: mme_s11_handle_bearer_resource_failure_indication( xact, mme_ue, >p_message.bearer_resource_failure_indication); break; default: ogs_warn("Not implmeneted(type:%d)", gtp_message.h.type); break; } ogs_pkbuf_free(pkbuf); break; case MME_EVT_SGSAP_LO_SCTP_COMM_UP: sock = e->sock; ogs_assert(sock); addr = e->addr; ogs_assert(addr); ogs_assert(addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET || addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET6); max_num_of_ostreams = e->max_num_of_ostreams; vlr = mme_vlr_find_by_addr(addr); ogs_free(addr); ogs_assert(vlr); ogs_assert(OGS_FSM_STATE(&vlr->sm)); vlr->max_num_of_ostreams = ogs_min(max_num_of_ostreams, vlr->max_num_of_ostreams); ogs_debug("VLR-SGs SCTP_COMM_UP[%s] Max Num of Outbound Streams[%d]", OGS_ADDR(vlr->addr, buf), vlr->max_num_of_ostreams); e->vlr = vlr; ogs_fsm_dispatch(&vlr->sm, e); break; case MME_EVT_SGSAP_LO_CONNREFUSED: sock = e->sock; ogs_assert(sock); addr = e->addr; ogs_assert(addr); ogs_assert(addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET || addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET6); vlr = mme_vlr_find_by_addr(addr); ogs_free(addr); ogs_assert(vlr); ogs_assert(OGS_FSM_STATE(&vlr->sm)); if (OGS_FSM_CHECK(&vlr->sm, sgsap_state_connected)) { e->vlr = vlr; ogs_fsm_dispatch(&vlr->sm, e); ogs_info("VLR-SGs[%s] connection refused!!!", OGS_ADDR(vlr->addr, buf)); } else { ogs_warn("VLR-SGs[%s] connection refused, Already Removed!", OGS_ADDR(vlr->addr, buf)); } break; case MME_EVT_SGSAP_MESSAGE: sock = e->sock; ogs_assert(sock); addr = e->addr; ogs_assert(addr); pkbuf = e->pkbuf; ogs_assert(pkbuf); ogs_assert(addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET || addr->ogs_sa_family == AF_INET6); vlr = mme_vlr_find_by_addr(addr); ogs_free(addr); ogs_assert(vlr); ogs_assert(OGS_FSM_STATE(&vlr->sm)); e->vlr = vlr; ogs_fsm_dispatch(&vlr->sm, e); ogs_pkbuf_free(pkbuf); break; case MME_EVT_SGSAP_TIMER: vlr = e->vlr; ogs_assert(vlr); ogs_assert(OGS_FSM_STATE(&vlr->sm)); ogs_fsm_dispatch(&vlr->sm, e); break; default: ogs_error("No handler for event %s", mme_event_get_name(e)); break; } }